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One Nation One Election–Pros and Cons

Introduction

The idea of One Nation, One Election has sparked a nationwide debate, making it one of the most significant electoral reform discussions in recent times. Proposed by the Government of India, this concept aims to synchronize elections for the Lok Sabha (Parliament) and all State Legislative Assemblies to be held simultaneously across the country. Advocates highlight its potential for administrative efficiency and cost savings, while critics raise concerns about its feasibility and impact on federalism.

In this article, we explore the meaning, benefits, and drawbacks of One Nation, One Election and how it could reshape Indian democracy.

What Is One Nation, One Election?

One Nation, One Election refers to conducting simultaneous elections across India for the central and state governments. Instead of holding elections at different times—causing a frequent "election mode"—this model proposes a single, unified election schedule every five years.

Historically, India followed this system until 1967. However, due to political instability and early dissolutions of state assemblies, the uniformity was disrupted. The current proposal seeks to revive that practice with legal and administrative reforms.

Pros of One Nation, One Election

1. Cost Savings

Frequent elections require huge public expenditure. The Election Commission, security forces, and government machinery are mobilized repeatedly. A synchronized system could save thousands of crores of taxpayer money.

2. Efficient Governance

When elections are held separately, governments often enter a "model code of conduct" phase, stalling policy decisions. Simultaneous elections reduce these interruptions, enabling smoother and continuous governance.

3. Reduced Political Polarization

Ongoing campaigns increase political and social polarization. One-time elections may reduce this pressure, fostering a more development-focused environment.

4. Better Deployment of Resources

Security personnel, teachers, and government officials are frequently pulled away from their core duties for election-related work. A single election allows better planning and resource optimization.

5. Increased Voter Turnout

With synchronized voting, people may be more motivated to participate. A single voting day for all levels of government may also improve logistics and awareness.

Cons of One Nation, One Election

1. Logistical Challenges

India is the world’s largest democracy. Conducting simultaneous elections for over 1.4 billion people across 28 states and 8 union territories involves massive logistical coordination, electronic voting machines (EVMs), and personnel.

2. Impact on Regional Issues

Simultaneous polls might overshadow local issues, as national parties and narratives dominate. This could dilute the focus on state-specific governance and needs.

3. Federalism Concerns

India follows a quasi-federal structure, where states have autonomy. Forcing states to align their election cycles with the Centre could undermine this constitutional balance.

4. Complex Legal Amendments

The proposal would require amendments to Articles 83, 85, 172, and 174 of the Constitution and changes to the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Achieving consensus across political parties and states could be extremely difficult.

5. Risk of Mid-Term Instability

If a government falls before completing its term, should elections be held again for all states? Or only that one state? Managing such scenarios under a rigid schedule becomes a legal and practical challenge.

Post Date: 09-06-2025